The largest and most culturally significant city
in northern Thailand. It is the capital of Chiang Mai Province, a former capital
of the Kingdom of Lanna, and was the tributary Kingdom of Chiang Mai.
Chiang Mai
located approximately 700 km (435 mi) north of Bangkok, among the highest
mountains in the country. The city is along the Ping River, a major tributary
of the Chao Phraya River. Chiang Mai means "new city" and was
so-named because it was the new capital
In recent years, Chiang Mai has become an
increasingly modern city and has been attracting over 5 million visitors each
year, of which between 1.4 million and 2 million are foreign tourists.
It has also recently positioned itself to become a
Creative City, and is considering applying for Creative City Status with
UNESCO. Chiang Mai is one of two tourist destinations in Thailand on
TripAdvisor's list of "25 Best Destinations in the World", where it
stands in place 24.
Chiang Mai's historic importance is derived from
its close proximity to the Ping River and major trading routes.
While officially the city (thesaban nakhon) of
Chiang Mai only covers most parts of the Mueang Chiang Mai district with a
population of 160,000, the urban sprawl of the city now extends into several
neighboring districts. This Chiang Mai Metropolitan Area has a population of
nearly one million people, more than half the total of Chiang Mai Province. The city is subdivided into four wards (khwaeng):
Nakhon Ping, Srivijaya, Mengrai, and Kawila. The first three are on the west
bank of the Ping River, and Kawila is located on the east bank. Nakhon Ping
district comprises the north side of the city. Srivijaya, Mengrai, and Kawila
consist of the west, south, and east respectively. The city center—within the
city walls—is mostly within Srivijaya ward.
With the significant city in northern Thailand; Chiang
Mai has a tropical wet and dry climate tempered by the low latitude and
moderate elevation, with warm to hot weather year-round, though night time
conditions during the dry season can be cool and are much lower than daytime
highs. The maximum temperature ever recorded is 42.4°C in May 2
Chiang Mai has over 300 Buddhist temples (called "wat" in Thai).These include:
Wat Phrathat Doi Suthep, the city's most famous
temple, stands on Doi Suthep, a hill to the northwest of the city.
Wat Chiang Man, the oldest temple in Chiang Mai,
dates from the 13th century. King Mengrai lived here during the construction of
the city. This temple houses two important and venerated Buddha figures, the
marble Phra Sila and the crystal Phra Satang Man.
Wat Phra Singh is located within the city walls,
dates from 1345 and offers an example of classic northern Thai style architecture.
It houses the Phra Singh Buddha, a highly venerated figure brought here many
years ago from Chiang Rai.
Wat Chedi Luang was founded in 1401 and is
dominated by a large Lanna style chedi which took many years to finish. An
earthquake damaged the chedi in the 16th century and only two-thirds of it
remains.
Festivals
Thousands of Khom Fai in Mae Jo during Loi Kratong
A truckload of people after getting hit by water
during Songkran in Chiang Mai
A street in Chiang Mai. Chiang Mai hosts many Thai festivals, including:
Loi Krathong (known locally as Yi Peng): Held on
the full moon of the 12th month in the traditional Thai lunar calendar, being
the full moon of the 2nd month of the old Lanna calendar. In the western
calendar this usually falls in November. Every year thousands of people
assemble floating banana-leaf containers (krathong) decorated with flowers and
candles onto the waterways of the city to worship the Goddess of Water.
Lanna-style sky lanterns (khom fai or kom loi), which are hot-air balloons made
of paper, are launched into the air. The sky lanterns are believed to help rid
the locals of troubles and are also taken to decorate houses and streets.
Songkran: Held in mid-April to celebrate the
traditional Thai new year. Chiang Mai has become one of the most popular
locations to visit for this festival. A variety of religious and fun-related
activities (notably the good-natured city-wide water-fight) take place each
year, along with parades and a Miss Songkran beauty competition.
Chiang Mai Flower Festival: A three-day festival
held during the first weekend in February each year, this event occurs when
Chiang Mai's temperate and tropical flowers are in full bloom. Tam Bun Khan Dok, the Inthakin (City Pillar)
Festival, starts on the day of the waning moon of the six lunar month and lasts
6–8 days.
Activities
Elephant Camp: Chiang Mai Visit an Elephant Camp where you can
enjoy an Elephant Show, Elephant Ride, River Rafting and Ox Cart Ride when you
visit Chiang Mai, Thailand
Shopping: Chiang Mai has a large and famous night
bazaar for local arts and handicrafts. The night bazaar sprawls across several
city blocks along footpaths, inside buildings and temple grounds, and in open
squares. A handicraft and food market opens every Sunday afternoon till late on
Rachadamnoen Road, the main street in the historical centre, which is then
closed to motorised traffic. Every Saturday evening a handicraft market is held
along Wua Lai road, Chiang Mai's silver street on the south-side of the city
beyond Chiang Mai gate, which is then also closed to motorized traffic.
Thai massage: The back streets and main
thoroughfares of Chiang Mai have an abundance and variety of massage parlours
which offer anything from quick, simple, face and foot massages, to month-long
courses in the art of Thai massage.
Thai cookery: A number of Thai cooking schools
have their home in Chiang Mai (see also Thai food).
For IT shopping, there's Pantip Plaza just south
of Night Bazaar, as well as Computer Plaza, Computer City, and Icon Square near
the northern moat and IT City department store in Kad Suan Kaew mall.
Dining
Khantoke dinner is an old Lanna Thai tradition in Chiang Mai. It is an elaborate dinner or lunch which is offered by a host to guests at various ceremonies or parties, e.g., at weddings, housewarmings, celebrations, novice ordinations, or funerals. It can also be held for temple celebrations such as celebrations for specific buildings in a Thai temple and at Buddhist festivals such as Khao Pansa, Og Pansa, Loi Krathong, and Thai New Year (Songkran).
Transportations
Bus,train and air connections serve Chiang Mai
well. A number of bus stations link the city to central and northern Thailand.
The Central Chang Pheuak terminal (north of Chiang Puak Gate) provides local
services within Chiang Mai province and the Chiang Mai Arcade bus terminal
north-east of the city (requires Songthaew or tuk-tuk ride, see below) provides
services to over 20 other destinations in Thailand including Bangkok,
Ayutthaya, and Phitsanulok. There are several services a day from Chiang Mai
Arcade terminal to Bangkok (a 10–12 hour journey).
Train
The state railway operates 14 trains a day to
Chiang Mai Station from Bangkok. Most journeys run overnight and take
approximately 12–15 hours. Most trains offer first-class (private cabins) and a
second-class (seats fold out to make sleeping berths) service..
Air
Chiang Mai International Airport receives up to 28
flights a day from Bangkok (flight time about 1 hour 10 minutes) and also
serves as a local hub for services to other northern cities such as Chiang Rai,
Phrae and Mae Hong Son...
